Hais txog Kev Lag Luam Fastener: EU Tau Txais Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo Carbon Tariff Thiab yuav pib sim ua haujlwm thaum Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj xyoo tom ntej

Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 13 lub sijhawm hauv cheeb tsam, European Parliament thiab European Council tau pom zoo los tsim kom muaj cov txheej txheem kev tswj hwm ciam teb, uas yog, kom them cov nqi roj carbon tariffs rau cov khoom xa tuaj raws li lawv lub tsev cog khoom gases.

▲ CBAM tripartite kev sib tham qhov chaw (qhov chaw: European Parliament)

Raws li lub vev xaib raug cai ntawm European Parliament, cov txheej txheem tswj hwm ciam teb yuav pib sim ua haujlwm txij lub Kaum Hlis 1, 2023, suav nrog steel, cement, aluminium, chiv, hluav taws xob, hydrogen thiab lwm yam kev lag luam, nrog rau cov khoom hlau xws li cov ntsia hlau thiab bolts. Cov txheej txheem tswj hwm ciam teb cov pa roj carbon monoxide yuav teeb tsa lub sijhawm hloov pauv ua ntej nws pib siv, thaum lub sijhawm cov tub luam cuam tshuam tsuas yog yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam cov pa roj carbon emission.

Raws li cov phiaj xwm dhau los, lub sijhawm txij li xyoo 2023 txog 2026 yuav yog lub sijhawm hloov pauv rau kev ua raws li EU cov cai ntawm cov nqi se. Los ntawm 2027, EU yuav ua tiav cov nqi se carbon. Tam sim no, txoj cai nkag mus rau hnub tim ntawm EU carbon tariffs tseem tsis tau ua tiav los ntawm kev sib tham.

Nrog rau kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm cov pa roj carbon ciam teb mechanism, cov pa roj carbon quota dawb nyob rau hauv EU carbon trading system yuav tsum phased tawm maj mam. Yav tom ntej, EU tseem yuav soj ntsuam seb puas yuav nthuav dav cov nqi ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide mus rau lwm qhov chaw, suav nrog cov tshuaj organic thiab polymers.

Qin Yan, tus kws tshuaj xyuas hluav taws xob thiab cov pa roj carbon monoxide ntawm Luft thiab tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Oxford Energy Research Institute, tau hais tias tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm lub tshuab yuav luag tiav, tab sis nws tseem yuav tsum tau tos rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog kev txo cov quota dawb hauv EU. carbon emission trading system.

EU carbon tariff regulation mechanism yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm EU Fit rau 55 emission txo pob, uas cia siab tias yuav txo qis cov pa roj carbon monoxide emissions los ntawm 55 feem pua ​​​​los ntawm 2030 raws li lub hauv paus ntawm 1990. European Union tau hais tias txoj kev npaj no tseem ceeb heev rau EU kom ua tiav huab cua nruab nrab thiab EU daim ntawv cog lus ntsuab los ntawm 2050.

Cov pa roj carbon ciam teb txoj cai mechanism tsim los ntawm EU lub sij hawm no kuj hu ua cov pa roj carbon tariff. Carbon tariff feem ntau yog hais txog lub teb chaws los yog cheeb tsam uas nruj me ntsis siv cov pa roj carbon emission txo. Qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau ntshuam (export) cov khoom muaj roj carbon ntau yog them (rov qab) cov se sib raug lossis cov quotas carbon. Cov tsos ntawm cov pa roj carbon tariff feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide, uas txhais tau hais tias cov neeg tsim khoom lag luam cuam tshuam los ntawm cov cheeb tsam uas muaj kev tswj hwm cov pa roj carbon emissions mus rau thaj chaw uas muaj kev tswj hwm huab cua tsis zoo rau kev tsim khoom.

Cov pa roj carbon tariff txoj cai tau thov los ntawm EU tseem yog npaj los zam cov teeb meem ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide nyob rau hauv EU, uas yog, tiv thaiv cov tuam txhab hauv zos los ntawm kev txav tawm ntawm kev lag luam kom tsis txhob nruj cov pa roj carbon emission tswj cov cai. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kev lag luam ntsuab tau teeb tsa los txhim kho kev sib tw ntawm lawv tus kheej kev lag luam.

Hauv 2019, EU tau thov kom nce cov nqi ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide hauv kev lag luam ntshuam thiab xa tawm thawj zaug; Nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis ntawm tib lub xyoo, EU tau tshaj tawm txoj cai tswjfwm ciam teb cov txheej txheem. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 2022, European Parliament tau pov ntawv tawm suab kom dhau qhov kev hloov kho rau cov pa roj carbon ciam teb cov cai tswj hwm txoj cai lij choj.

Chai Qimin, tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Npaj Ua Haujlwm ntawm National Center for Strategic Research thiab International Cooperation on Climate Change, tau taw qhia hauv kev xam phaj nrog Tuam Tshoj Kev Txhim Kho thiab Hloov Kho Txhua Hnub thaum Lub Yim Hli xyoo no tias cov nqi ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide yog ib qho kev cuam tshuam kev lag luam ntsuab. Lub EU txoj cai carbon tariff lub hom phiaj los txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm carbon pricing rau EU thiab txawm lub European lag luam thiab tsis muaj zog cov kev sib tw ntawm cov khoom, thaum tuav ib co tseem ceeb European industries, xws li tsheb, shipbuilding Qhov zoo ntawm aviation manufacturing kev lag luam tsim ib qho kev sib tw sib txawv. .

Los ntawm kev tsim cov pa roj carbon tariffs, European Union tau ua thawj zaug koom nrog cov cai ntawm kev hais txog kev hloov pauv huab cua rau hauv cov cai kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. Qhov kev coj ua no ntawm EU tau nyiam cov xim ntawm ntau lub tebchaws. Raws li kev tshaj tawm xov xwm, Canada, United Kingdom thiab Tebchaws Meskas tab tom txiav txim siab txog qhov teeb meem ntawm cov nqi se carbon.

EU tau hais nyob rau hauv nws cov xov xwm tshaj tawm tias cov pa roj carbon tariff mechanism yog tag nrho raws li cov cai ntawm World Trade Organization, tab sis qhov kev coj ua no yuav ua rau muaj kev sib cav txog kev lag luam tshiab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov teb chaws uas muaj cov pa roj carbon dioxide ntau heev.